Sicca syndroom

Some people do not produce enough tear fluid or have an insufficient or poor-quality tear film composition. The eyes are then not kept sufficiently moist. Dry eyes or sicca syndrome are when the tear film is not of sufficient quality in quantity or composition to protect the eye.

Causes

Dry eyes can result from increased evaporation of the tear film or reduced tear fluid production. Irregular corneal surfaces (for instance, scar tissue or a pterygium) can also cause dry patches, as the tear film cannot distribute itself optimally over the eye.

Symptoms

If you have dry eyes, you may experience redness and burning. You may feel that there is sand or dust in your eye. Sometimes there is a mucus-like discharge from your eyes, and you may experience blurred vision. Irritated by dryness, your eyes may actually tear up excessively. However, these tears are too watery in composition, so they do not solve the dryness problem.

Examination

In order to assess whether there are any underlying conditions (see causes), an extensive medical history will be undertaken first. Next, the optometrist or ophthalmologist will examine your tear film and cornea by means of a slit lamp examination. The quality and quantity of the tear film can be examined by adding special dyes to the tear film. In addition, tear production can be measured with a special strip of filter paper (Schirmer test).

Treatment

Treating dry eyes can be difficult because it is not always possible to eliminate the cause of dryness. Dry eyes cannot be cured. However, various treatments are available to reduce the symptoms. If the problem is caused by a disorder of the eyelids or conjunctiva, this will be treated first. If the dry eyes are possibly caused by medication, the possibility of changing medication is considered.

Artificial tears

Artificial tears can supplement your own tear fluid. There are many different types varying in composition and texture. Your doctor will discuss which artificial tears are most suitable in your situation and how often you should apply the artificial tears every day. Often 4 to 6 times a day is recommended. In general, you should keep using artificial tears even when your symptoms improve.

Eyelid hygiene

If your dry eyes are caused by blockage of the glands of Meibom, you will be advised to apply eyelid hygiene.

Puncture plugs

If your tear production is too low, a remedy may be to close off the tear duct in the corners of your eyes with a plug. The existing tear fluid then stays in your eye for as long as possible.